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Why Developing Countries Must Lead Global Technological Cooperation on Climate Change

In his thought-provoking article, “The Climate Conundrum” (ET, Oct 9), Mukul Sanwal emphasizes the critical need for developing countries to spearhead the global agenda for technological cooperation. As the climate crisis intensifies, the traditional leadership model dominated by developed nations is proving inadequate. It is time for emerging economies to take the reins and drive a more inclusive, equitable, and effective response to climate change.

The Unique Position of Developing Countries in Climate Action

Disproportionate Impact of Climate Change

Developing nations are often the most vulnerable to climate change impacts, despite contributing the least to the problem historically. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and food insecurity disproportionately affect these regions, making their leadership not just necessary but urgent.

Rapid Economic Growth and Innovation Potential

Many developing countries are experiencing rapid economic expansion, which presents a unique opportunity to embed sustainable technologies from the outset. Unlike developed nations that must retrofit existing infrastructure, developing economies can leapfrog directly to cleaner, more efficient systems.

Demographic Advantage

With younger, more dynamic populations, developing countries have the human capital needed to drive innovation and adopt new technologies quickly. This demographic dividend can be a powerful force in accelerating global climate solutions.

The Need for a New Model of Global Technological Cooperation

Breaking Away from the Traditional Paradigm

Historically, technological cooperation has been a top-down process, with developed nations dictating terms and technologies. This model has often failed to address the specific needs and contexts of developing countries. A new, more collaborative model is required—one where knowledge flows both ways, and solutions are co-created.

Focusing on Localized Solutions

Technologies that work in Europe or North America may not be suitable for Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Developing countries must lead in identifying and scaling solutions that are tailored to their unique environmental, social, and economic conditions.

Ensuring Equitable Access to Technology

Access to climate-friendly technologies must be democratized. Intellectual property regimes, financing mechanisms, and capacity-building initiatives should be restructured to ensure that all countries can benefit equally from technological advancements.

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Strategic Steps for Developing Countries to Lead

Forming South-South Collaborations

Developing countries can strengthen their bargaining power and technical capabilities by forming alliances and partnerships among themselves. South-South cooperation can facilitate the sharing of best practices, joint research initiatives, and pooled resources for greater impact.

Investing in Research and Development

To lead the global technological agenda, developing nations must prioritize investments in research and development. This includes building robust academic institutions, supporting innovation hubs, and fostering public-private partnerships to drive technological breakthroughs.

Advocating for Reform in Global Governance Structures

Developing countries must push for reforms in international institutions like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to ensure that their voices are heard and their needs are prioritized in global decision-making processes.

The Broader Benefits of Developing Country Leadership

Driving Inclusive Economic Growth

Leading the global technological transition can spur economic growth in developing nations, creating new industries, jobs, and opportunities. It can also help reduce poverty and inequality, contributing to broader sustainable development goals.

Enhancing Global Climate Resilience

When developing countries lead, climate solutions are more likely to be inclusive, context-specific, and sustainable. This enhances global resilience and ensures that no region is left behind in the fight against climate change.

Fostering a New Era of Global Solidarity

Leadership by developing countries can redefine global cooperation, moving it away from paternalistic models toward genuine partnerships based on mutual respect and shared goals. This can lay the foundation for a more just and equitable international order.

Conclusion

Mukul Sanwal’s call for developing countries to lead the agenda for global technological cooperation is not just timely—it is essential. By stepping into leadership roles, developing nations can drive more effective, equitable, and sustainable climate action. The world cannot afford to rely solely on the old models of the past. It is time for a new paradigm, one where leadership is shared, innovation is inclusive, and the future is sustainable for all.

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